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RoughRider wheelchair
The RoughRider wheelchair is a low-cost, durable and appropriate technology〔(Smith, Amy, 2001 in "Design that Matters" ), Feb, 20, 2001〕 wheelchair designed for use in developing countries. The design of the RoughRider originally was open-source and has been revised with input from wheelchair users in over 40 countries since 1980.〔Hotchkiss, R. 1985," Independence through Mobility" A Guide to the Manufacture of the ATI-Hotchkiss Wheelchair, published by Appropriate Technology International, Wash. D.C. 1985〕 The RoughRider was created to fill the demand for a reliable wheelchair for over 20 million disabled people in the developing world who need a wheelchair and do not have one.〔Perlman,J, Cooper, R.A. and McCartney, M.(2006) "Towards the development of an effective technology transfer model of wheelchairs to developing countries" ''Disability and Rehabilitation'': Assistive Technology 1(1-2) 103-110, June 2006〕
==History==
The earliest recorded history of a wheelchair was inscribed in stone on a Chinese Sarcophagus in the 6th century A.D.〔Cooper, R.A. 1998, "Wheelchair Selection and Configuration", pg 2〕 There have been many variations on the basic design since then but standard features always included rear wheels, front caster wheels, footrests, side frames and seating features. Until recently wheelchairs were designed for relatively smooth surfaces and paved streets and were not designed for rugged environments. Thirty years ago, Ralf Hotchkiss, an engineer with paraplegia and a frequent traveler to developing countries, saw the need for a high quality and rugged chair that could withstand conditions in rough terrain. He began a thirty year process of collaborative design using locally available parts with a cost low enough to be affordable to disabled persons in developing regions.〔Hotchkiss,R. Independence through Mobility〕 For many years, Ralf and a team would travel to small machine shops in developing countries to teach the technical skills necessary for local production of the RoughRider model. Several of these shops are developing to scale in parts of Africa, Asia, Latin America and the former Soviet Union.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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